ABSTRACT
Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) infection has broken out worldwide, causing enormous social and economic burdens. Sudden exacerbations in SARS - CoV -2 infected people may be caused by infection - related cytokine storms. The basic state of the body and the strength of the immune response determine the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2. The interaction between proinflammatory factors and anti - inflammatory factors, and continued proinflammatory response cause lung edema, exudation, progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome involving the lung tissues and organs, multi - organ failure, and even death. The efficacy of antiviral therapy alone for immune complications like cytokine storm during viral infection is not ideal, and the targeted therapy of cytokines has become a potentially popular therapeutic strategy. Early identification and appropriate treatment of immune complications contribute to reduce the morbidity and mortality of severe viral infections.Copyright © 2021 Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology Information. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Respiratory virus is a common cause of acute respiratory tract infection, especially in infant that accounts for 80%.However, reinfections usually occur after primary infection, which is not only infected by the different virus strains, but also the identical virus strains.Reinfections are common in children.As the pandemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), its reinfections are similar to other respiratory viruses.Repeated respiratory viral infections in infants may lead to recurrent wheezing and asthma, which are also responsible for declined lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults.This study aims to review the epidemiology, pathogenesis and long-term effects of repeated respiratory viral infections in children, thus improving the ability to identify and support further research and vaccine strategy.Copyright © 2021 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) reported in the United States and European countries is a disease with multi-organ involved symptoms related with 2019 Novel Coronavirus infection, which has never been reported in China. Although its symptoms are similar to Kawasaki disease, MIS-C has characteristics of higher frequency in older children and adolescents, gastrointestinal symptoms, haemodynamic instability, myocarditis and elevated inflammatory markers. Most of the children need intensive care. The pathogenesis and long-term prognosis of the disease need further study.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
ABSTRACT
At present, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is still rampant worldwide.As of September 10, 2021, there were about 222 million confirmed cases of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)and more than 4.6 million deaths worldwide.With the development of COVID-19 vaccines and the gradual vaccination worldwide, the increasing number of cases in children and unvaccinated young people has drawn attention.According to World Health Organization surveillance data, the proportion of COVID-19 infection cases in children gradually increased, and the proportion of cases in the age groups of under 5 years and 5-14 years increased from 1.0% and 2.5% in January 2020 to 2.0% and 8.7% in July 2021, respectively.At present, billions of adults have been vaccinated with various COVID-19 vaccines worldwide, and their protective effects including reducing infection and transmission, reducing severe disease and hospitalization, and reducing death, as well as high safety have been confirmed.Canada, the United States, Europe and other countries have approved the emergency COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, and China has also approved the phased vaccination of COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years. For smooth advancement and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination in children, academic institutions, including National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, and The Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to reach this consensus on COVID-19 vaccination in children.Copyright © 2021 by the Chinese Medical Association.
ABSTRACT
Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) is a class B infectious disease, which is prevented and controlled according to class A infectious diseases. Recently, children's NCP cases have gradually increased, and children's fever outpatient department has become the first strategic pass to stop the epidemic.Strengthening the management of the fever diagnosis process is very important for early detection of suspected children, early isolation, early treatment and prevention of cross-infection. This article proposes prevention and control strategies for fever diagnosis, optimizes processes, prevents cross-infection, health protection and disinfection of medical staff, based on the relevant diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control programs of the National Health and Health Commission and on the diagnosis and treatment experience of experts in various provinces and cities. The present guidance summarizes current strategies on pre-diagnosis;triage, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019-nCoV infection in common fever, suspected and confirmed children, which provide practical suggestions on strengthening the management processes of children's fever in outpatient department during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic period.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is still worldwide.As a vulnerable group, severe and dead pediatric cases are also reported.Under this severe epidemic situation, children should be well protected.With the widespread vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults, the infection rate have decreased.Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation for children groups step by step is of great significance to the protection of children and the prevention and control of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) as a whole.But the safety of children vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is a main concern of parents.Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of vaccination and the implementation of vaccination work, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health and the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association organized experts to interpret the main issue of parents about SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for children, in order to answer the doubts of parents.Copyright © 2021 by the Chinese Medical Association.
ABSTRACT
The continuing COVID-19 pandemic around the world has raised concerns about public health security and posed a serious threat to the international shipping industry. Considering the fact that current epidemic may exist for a long time, it is necessary to set up independent epidemic prevention function zones on ships to deal with possible outbreaks. Due to the characteristics of high precision and low fault tolerance of medical devices and related equipment in epidemic prevention functional zones, they require more strict power supply quality and reliability, and may cause the deterioration of the power quality of the system. To solve this problem, the paper introduced a novel power management strategy for the shipboard medical system by power generation equipment switching process optimization, partitioning and grading of different types of loads to solve the power supply and distribution problems of the introduced ship epidemic prevention zone, and ensure a stable and reliable power supply of high-power medical equipment on the ship. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) outbreak is one of the public health emergency of international concern.Since the 2019-nCoV outbreak, China has been adopting strict prevention and control measures, and has achieved remarkable results in the initial stage of prevention and control.However, some imported cases and sporadic regional cases have been found, and even short-term regional epidemics have occurred, indicating that the preventing and control against the epidemic remains grim.With the change of the incidence proportion and the number of cases in children under 18 years old, some new special symptoms and complications have appeared in children patients.In addition, with the occurrence of virus mutation, it has not only attracted attention from all parties, but also proposed a new topic for the prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children of China.Based on the second edition, the present consensus further summarizes the clinical characteristics and experience of children's cases, and puts forward recommendations on the diagnostic criteria, laboratory examination, treatment, prevention and control of children's cases for providing reference for further guidance of treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children.Copyright © 2021 Chinese Medical Association
ABSTRACT
Respiratory virus is a common cause of acute respiratory tract infection, especially in infant that accounts for 80%.However, reinfections usually occur after primary infection, which is not only infected by the different virus strains, but also the identical virus strains.Reinfections are common in children.As the pandemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), its reinfections are similar to other respiratory viruses.Repeated respiratory viral infections in infants may lead to recurrent wheezing and asthma, which are also responsible for declined lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults.This study aims to review the epidemiology, pathogenesis and long-term effects of repeated respiratory viral infections in children, thus improving the ability to identify and support further research and vaccine strategy. © 2021 Chinese Medical Journals Publishing House Co.Ltd. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) infection has broken out worldwide, causing enormous social and economic burdens. Sudden exacerbations in SARS - CoV -2 infected people may be caused by infection - related cytokine storms. The basic state of the body and the strength of the immune response determine the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2. The interaction between proinflammatory factors and anti - inflammatory factors, and continued proinflammatory response cause lung edema, exudation, progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome involving the lung tissues and organs, multi - organ failure, and even death. The efficacy of antiviral therapy alone for immune complications like cytokine storm during viral infection is not ideal, and the targeted therapy of cytokines has become a potentially popular therapeutic strategy. Early identification and appropriate treatment of immune complications contribute to reduce the morbidity and mortality of severe viral infections. © 2021 Heilongjiang Institute of Science and Technology Information. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The analysis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of great importance to deeply understand the dynamics of this coronavirus spread. Based on the complexity of it, a modified susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model is applied to analyse the time dependence of active and hospitalized cases in China. The time evolution of the virus spread in different provinces was adequately modelled. Changeable parameters among them have been obtained and turned to be not naively independent with each other. The non-extensive parameter was found to be strongly connected with the freedom of systems. Taken into the prevention and treatment of disease, more measures by the government lead to higher values of it. © Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.
ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is still worldwide.As a vulnerable group, severe and dead pediatric cases are also reported.Under this severe epidemic situation, children should be well protected.With the widespread vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults, the infection rate have decreased.Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine inoculation for children groups step by step is of great significance to the protection of children and the prevention and control of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) as a whole.But the safety of children vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is a main concern of parents.Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of vaccination and the implementation of vaccination work, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health and the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association organized experts to interpret the main issue of parents about SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for children, in order to answer the doubts of parents. Copyright © 2021 by the Chinese Medical Association.
ABSTRACT
At present, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is still rampant worldwide.As of September 10, 2021, there were about 222 million confirmed cases of corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)and more than 4.6 million deaths worldwide.With the development of COVID-19 vaccines and the gradual vaccination worldwide, the increasing number of cases in children and unvaccinated young people has drawn attention.According to World Health Organization surveillance data, the proportion of COVID-19 infection cases in children gradually increased, and the proportion of cases in the age groups of under 5 years and 5-14 years increased from 1.0% and 2.5% in January 2020 to 2.0% and 8.7% in July 2021, respectively.At present, billions of adults have been vaccinated with various COVID-19 vaccines worldwide, and their protective effects including reducing infection and transmission, reducing severe disease and hospitalization, and reducing death, as well as high safety have been confirmed.Canada, the United States, Europe and other countries have approved the emergency COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, and China has also approved the phased vaccination of COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years. For smooth advancement and implementation of COVID-19 vaccination in children, academic institutions, including National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children's Health, and The Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association organized relevant experts to reach this consensus on COVID-19 vaccination in children. Copyright © 2021 by the Chinese Medical Association.
ABSTRACT
2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) outbreak is one of the public health emergency of international concern.Since the 2019-nCoV outbreak, China has been adopting strict prevention and control measures, and has achieved remarkable results in the initial stage of prevention and control.However, some imported cases and sporadic regional cases have been found, and even short-term regional epidemics have occurred, indicating that the preventing and control against the epidemic remains grim.With the change of the incidence proportion and the number of cases in children under 18 years old, some new special symptoms and complications have appeared in children patients.In addition, with the occurrence of virus mutation, it has not only attracted attention from all parties, but also proposed a new topic for the prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children of China.Based on the second edition, the present consensus further summarizes the clinical characteristics and experience of children's cases, and puts forward recommendations on the diagnostic criteria, laboratory examination, treatment, prevention and control of children's cases for providing reference for further guidance of treatment of 2019-nCoV infection in children. © 2021 Chinese Medical Association
ABSTRACT
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) reported in the United States and European countries is a disease with multi-organ involved symptoms related with 2019 Novel Coronavirus infection, which has never been reported in China. Although its symptoms are similar to Kawasaki disease, MIS-C has characteristics of higher frequency in older children and adolescents, gastrointestinal symptoms, haemodynamic instability, myocarditis and elevated inflammatory markers. Most of the children need intensive care. The pathogenesis and long-term prognosis of the disease need further study. Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.